Merger & Acquisition in Nepal

History of Merger and Acquisition in Nepal

Merger

A merger is the voluntary fusion of two companies on broadly equal terms into one new legal entity. The firms that agree to merge are roughly equal in terms of size, customers, scale of operations, etc. For this reason, the term "merger of equals" is sometimes used. Acquisitions, unlike mergers, or generally not voluntary and involve one company actively purchasing another.
Mergers are most commonly done to gain market share, reduce costs of operations, expand to new territories, unite common products, grow revenues, and increase profits—all of which should benefit the firms' shareholders. After a merger, shares of the new company are distributed to existing shareholders of both original businesses.

Types of Mergers

1. Conglomerate Merger

This is a merger between two or more companies engaged in unrelated business activities. The firms may operate in different industries or in different geographical regions. A pure conglomerate involves two firms that have nothing in common. A mixed conglomerate, on the other hand, takes place between organizations that, while operating in unrelated business activities, are actually trying to gain product or market extensions through the merger.Companies with no overlapping factors will only merge if it makes sense from a shareholder wealth perspective, that is, if the companies can create synergy.

2. Congeneric Merger

A congeneric merger is also known as a Product Extension merger. It occurs when two or more companies join together that operate in the same market or sector with overlapping factors, such as technology, marketing, production processes, and research and development (R&D). A product extension merger is achieved when a new product line from one company is added to an existing product line of the other company. When two companies become one under a product extension, they are able to gain access to a larger group of consumers and, thus, a larger market share.

3. Market Extension Merger

This type of merger occurs between companies that sell the same products but compete in different markets. Companies that engage in a market extension merger seek to gain access to a bigger market and, thus, a bigger client base.

4. Horizontal Merger

A horizontal merger occurs between companies operating in the same industry. The merger is typically part of consolidation between two or more competitors offering the same products or services. Such mergers are common in industries with fewer firms, and the goal is to create a larger business with greater market share and economies of scale since competition among fewer companies tends to be higher.

5. Vertical Merger

When two companies that produce parts or services for a product merger the union is referred to as a vertical merger. A vertical merger occurs when two companies operating at different levels within the same industry's supply chain combine their operations. Such mergers are done to increase synergies achieved through the cost reduction which results from merging with one or more supply companies.

Acquisition

An acquisition is a situation whereby one company purchases most or all of another company's shares in order to take control. An acquisition occurs when a buying company obtains more than 50% ownership in a target company. As part of the exchange, the acquiring company often purchases the target company's stock and other assets, which allows the acquiring company to make decisions regarding the newly acquired assets without the approval of the target company’s shareholders.

History of merger and Acqusition in Nepal

S No	BFIs Name before merger and Acquisition		BFIs Name after merger and Acquisition
1	Laxmi Bank	Hisef Finance	Laxmi Bank
2	Nepal Bangladesh Bank	a. Nepal Bangladesh Finance b. Nepal Srilanka Merchant Finance	Nepal Bangladesh Bank
3	Narayani Finance	National Finance	Narayani National Finance
4	Himchuli Bikas Bank	Birgunj Finance	H & B Develolment Bank
5	Kastamandap Development Bank	Shikhar Finance	Kastamandap Development Bank
6	Infrastructure Development Bank	Swastik Merchant Finance	Infrastructure Development Bank
7	Business Development Bank	Universal Development Bank	Business Universal Development Bank
8	Annapurna Bikas Bank	Suryadarsan Finance	Suprim Development Bank
9	Butwal Finance	a. Alpine b.Everest c. CMB Finance	Synergy Finance
10	Machhapuchhre Bank	Standard Finance	Machhapuchhre Bank
11	Global Bank	a. IME Finance b. Lord Buddha Finance	Global IME Bank
12	Pashupati Development Bank	Udhham Bikas Bank	Axis Development Bank
13	Vibor Bikas Bank	Bhajuratna Finance	Vibor Bikas Bank
14	Shine Development Bank	Resunga Bikas Bank	Shine Resunga Development Bank
15	Prudential Finance	Gorkha Finance	Prudential Finance
16	NIC Bank	Bank of Asia Nepal	NIC Asia Bank
17	Diyalo Bikas Bank	Professional Bikas Bank	Professional Diyalo Bikas Bank
18	Araniko Development Bank	Surya Development Bank	Araniko Development Bank
19	Royal Merchant Banking & Finance	Rara Development Bank	Apex Development Bank
20	Global IME Bank	a. Social Development Bank b. Gulmi Bikas Bank	Global IME Bank
21	Prabhu Finance	a. Sambridhi Bikas Bank b. Baibhav Finance	Prabhu Development Bank
22	Manakamana Development Bank	a. Yeti Finance b. Valley Finance	Yeti Development Bank
23	Global IME Bank	Commerce & Trust Bank	Global IME Bank
24	Reliable Finance	a. ShubhaLaxmi Finance b. Nepal Consumers Development Bank	Reliable Development Bank
25	Reliance Finance	Lotus Finance	Reliance Lotus Finance
26	Siddhartha Finance	Imperial Finance	Siddhartha Finance
27	Civil Bank	a. Axis Development Bank b. Civil Merchant Finance	Civil Bank
28	BiratLaxmi Bikas Bank	Khadbaru Development Bank	BiratLaxmi Bikas Bank
29	Sangrila Development Bank	Bageswori Bikas Bank	Sangrila Development Bank
30	Lumbini Bank	NawaDurga Finance	Lumbini Bank
31	Kist Bank	a.Prabhu Bikas Bank b. Jenith Finance c. Gaurishankar Development Bank	Prabhu Bank
32	Triveni Bikas Bank	a. Public Developement Bank b. Bright Development Bank	Triveni Bikas Bank
33	NDEP Development Bank	Rising Development Bank	NDEP Development Bank
34	Biswo Bikas Bank	Fewa Finance	Fewa Bikas Bank
35	Citizen Bank International	a. Nepal Housing & Merchant b. Peoples Finance	Citizen Bank International
36	Garima Bikas Bank	Nilgiri Bikas Bank	Garima Bikas Bank
37	Muktinath Bikas Bank	Sivik Development Bank	Muktinath Bikas Bank
38	Sagarmatha Merchant & Finance	Patan Finance	Sagarmatha Merchant & Finance
39	NMB Bank	a. Pathivara Bikas Bank b. Bhrikuti Bikas Bank c. Clean Energy Development Bank d. Prudential Development Bank	NMB Bank
40	Prabhu Bank	Grand Bank	Prabhu Bank
41	City Development Bank	Om Finance	Om Development Bank
42	Gorkha Bikas Bank	Kathmandu Finance	Gorkha Finance
43	Mega Bank	Paschimanchal Development Bank	Mega Bank
44	Kailash Bikas Bank	a. Metro Development Bank b. Nepal Express Finance	Kailash Bikas Bank
45	Siddhartha Developmen Bank	a. Ekata Bikas Bank b. Nepal Awas Finance	Siddhartha Development Bank
46	Shine Resunga Development Bank	Gaumukhi Bikas Bank	Shine Resunga Development Bank
47	Kamana Bikas Bank	Kaski Finance	Kamana Bikas Bank
48	Siddhartha Bank	Business Universal Development Bank	Siddhartha Bank
49	Sunrise Bank	Narayani National Finance	Sunrise Bank
50	Bank of Kathmandu	Lumbini Bank	Bank of Kathmandu
51	Citizen Bank International	Premier Finance	Citizen Bank International
52	Jyoti Bikas Bank	Jhimruk Bikas Bank	Jyoti Bikas Bank
53	Malika Bikas Bank	a.Mahalaxmi Finance b. Siddhartha Finance	Mahalaxmi Bikas Bank
54	Vibor Bikas Bank	Society Development Bank	Vibor Society Development Bank
55	Garima Bikas Bank	Subhekshya Bikas Bank	Garima Bikas Bank
56	Civil Bank	International Leasing Finance	Civil Bank
57	NCC Bank	a. Infrastructure Development Bank b. Apex Development Bank c.Supreme Development Bank d. International Development Bank	NCC Bank
58	Sanima Bank	Bagmati Development Bank	Sanima Bank
59	Tourism Development Bank	a. Matribhumi Bikas Bank b. Kalinchowk Development Bank	Tourism Development Bank
60	Laxmi Bank	Professional Diyalo Bikas Bank	Laxmi Bank
61	Shree Investment & Finance	Everest Finance	Shree Investment & Finance
62	Sunrise Bank	NIDC Capital Market	Sunrise Bank
63	Global IME Bank	Pacific Development Bank	Global IME Bank
64	Central Finance	Bhaktapur Finance	Central Finance
65	Janata Bank	Tiveni Development Bank	Janata Bank
66	Prime Commercial Bank	a. BiratLaxmi Bikas Bank b. Country Development Bank	Prime Commercial Bank
67	Kumari Bank	a. Kastamandap Development Bank b. Mahakali Bikas Bank c. KakreBihar Bikas Bank d. Paschimanchal Finance	Kumari Bank
68	Om Development Bank	Manaslu Development Bank	Om Development Bank
69	Gandaki Bikas Bank	Fewa Bikas Bank	Gandaki Bikas Bank
70	Nepal Investment Bank	Yes Development Bank	Nepal Investment Bank
71	Civil Bank	a. Unique Finance b. Hama Merchant and Finance	Civil Bank
72	Vibor Society Developent Bank	Lumbini Finance & Leasing Company	Lumbini Bikas Bank
73	Mahalaxmi Bikas Bank	Yeti Development Bank	Mahalaxmi Bikas Bank
74	Janata Bank	Siddhartha Development Bank	Janata Bank
75	Sangrila Development Bank	Cosmos Development Bank	Sangrila Development Bank
76	Global IME Bank	Reliable Development Bank	Global IME Bank
77	Century Commercial Bank	Sagarmatha Finance	Century Commercial Bank
78	Kamana Bikas Bank	Sewa Bikas Bank	Kamana Bikas Bank
79	Rastriya Banijya Bank	Nepal Industrial Development Corporation	Rastriya Banijya Bank
80	Jyoti Development Bank	Hamro Bikas Bank	Jyoti Development Bank
81	Dev Bikas Bank	a. Sajha Bikas Bank Limited b. Union Finance Limited	Dev Bikas Bank
82	Dev Bikas Bank	Western Development Bank	Dev Bikas Bank
83	Nepal Investment Bank	Jebils Finance	Nepal Investment Bank
84	Tinau Bikas Bank	Mission Development Bank	Tinau Mission Development Bank
85	Sadhana Laghubitta Bittiya Sanstha	Samridhhi Laghubitta Bittiya Sanstha	Sadhana Laghubitta Bittiya Sanstha
86	Global IME Bank	Hathway Finance	Global IME Bank
87	NMB Bank	Om Development Bank	NMB Bank
88	Saptakoshi Development Bank	Kabeli Bikas Bank	Saptakoshi Development Bank
89	Shine Resunga Development Bank	a. Bhargav Bikas Bank b. Purnima Bikas Bank	Shine Resunga Development Bank
90	Global IME Bank Limited	Janata Bank Limited	Global IME Bank Limited
91	Tinau mission Development Bank	Nepal Community Development Bank	Tinau mission Development Bank
92	Prime Commercial Bank	a. Kailash Bikas Bank b. Kankai Development Bank	Prime Commercial Bank
93	Kumari Bank Limited	Dev Bikas Bank	Kumari Bank Limited
94	Mega Bank Limited	Gandaki Development Bank	Mega Bank Limited
95	NMB Bank Limited	Kanchan Development Bank	NMB Bank Limited
96	Citizen Bank International	a. Sahayogi Bikas Bank b. Tinau mission Development Bank	Citizen Bank International
97	Nepal Investment Bank Limited	City Express Finance	Nepal Investment Bank Limited
98	Garima Bikas Bank	Sahara Bikas Bank	Garima Bikas Bank